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Field & Ecosystems

Sentinel stations,Covè huts & GLP insectary

A nationwide sentinel network spanning Benin's diverse eco-climatic zones, from southern coastal lagoons to northern Sudan-Sahelian savannas, anchored by a world-class Phase II trial station.

05Sentinel Stations
Phase IICovè Huts (GLP)
10/10GLP Quality Checklist

05 — Field Ecology & Experimental Stations

Research stations& sentinel sites across Benin

National network of experimental hut stations, reference insectaries, and entomological surveillance sites coordinated for vector control evaluation.

Select a research field station:
Experimental Station

Covè Experimental Hut Station

📍 Zou Department (Central Benin)🌐 GPS : 7.2209° N, 2.3406° E
🌿 Ecoclimatic context:

Irrigated rice paddies and rural floodplains (Zou valley) supporting exceptional year-round anopheline densities.

🦟 Dominant vector species:

Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii in sympatry, dominated by coluzzii in the wet season.

🧬 Documented resistance profile:

Extreme pyrethroid resistance (kdr L1014F frequency > 90% and high CYP6P3/CYP6M2 overexpression).

🔬 Major trials & projects:

WHO Phase II experimental hut evaluation of dual-active LLINs (Interceptor G2, Royal Guard) and IRS (Actellic 300CS).

Experimental Station

Akron Station — Porto-Novo

📍 Ouémé Department (Southern Benin)🌐 GPS : 6.4969° N, 2.6289° E
🌿 Ecoclimatic context:

Peri-urban and lagoon agro-ecosystem (Porto-Novo lagoon) with intensive vegetable farming and heavy agricultural pesticide exposure.

🦟 Dominant vector species:

Anopheles coluzzii exceptionally adapted to anthropogenic, polluted water bodies.

🧬 Documented resistance profile:

Complex multi-resistance: kdr L1014F and ace-1 G119S alleles conferring organophosphate/carbamate resistance.

🔬 Major trials & projects:

Pyriproxyfen sterilizing efficacy studies and testing of novel spatial repellents.

Reference Laboratory

CREC Central Headquarters & Reference Insectary

📍 Cotonou (Littoral)🌐 GPS : 6.3703° N, 2.4183° E
🌿 Ecoclimatic context:

Central molecular biology platform, climate-controlled bioassay testing suites, and WHO-standard reference insectaries.

🦟 Dominant vector species:

Continuous colonization of standard susceptible reference strains (Kisumu) and wild field-collected colonies.

🧬 Documented resistance profile:

High-throughput PCR genotyping, sequencing, and biochemical microplate assays (P450s, GSTs, esterases).

🔬 Major trials & projects:

Nationwide centralization of WHO tube assays and strategic coordination for NMCP and WHO technical programs.

National Sentinel Site

Parakou Sentinel Field Site

📍 Borgou Department (North-Eastern Benin)🌐 GPS : 9.3372° N, 2.6303° E
🌿 Ecoclimatic context:

Sudano-Guinean savannah zone with distinct rainy and dry seasons.

🦟 Dominant vector species:

Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles funestus extending dry-season transmission windows.

🧬 Documented resistance profile:

Dominant metabolic resistance in An. funestus driven by CYP6P9a gene duplication.

🔬 Major trials & projects:

Post-distribution monitoring of mass PBO LLIN campaign durability and community impact.

National Sentinel Site

Kandi / Malanville Sentinel Site

📍 Alibori Department (Far Northern Benin)🌐 GPS : 11.1342° N, 2.9386° E
🌿 Ecoclimatic context:

Sahelian zone and Niger River basin with extensive agricultural irrigation schemes.

🦟 Dominant vector species:

Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles rufipes.

🧬 Documented resistance profile:

Moderate residual susceptibility to organophosphates with emerging target-site kdr alleles.

🔬 Major trials & projects:

Cross-border entomological surveillance and vector dynamics monitoring around agricultural dams.

04 — Eco-Epidemiology & Climate

Meteo-entomological dashboard& transmission index in Benin

Live monitoring of thermo-hygrometric factors and Larval Suitability Index modeling across 4 Benin ecoregions.

South Benin (Coastal & Lagoon Zone)

Cotonou & Coastline

Transmission Risk: High
Mean Temperature28.5°CAnopheles optimum: 26-30°C
Relative Humidity82%Prolonged adult survival >70%
Monthly Rainfall125 mmActive breeding site creation
Larval Suitability Index88 / 100Bioclimatic suitability
📅 Seasonal Context:

Main rainy season / Constant humidity

💧 Larval Habitats Typology:

Flooded lowlands, coastal lagoons, polluted peri-urban containers (An. coluzzii).

🛡️ WHO / NMCP Strategic Advice:

Reinforced surveillance of artificial containers and priority deployment of dual-active LLINs.

Central Benin (Rice Paddies & Market Gardening)

Bohicon & Covè (Zou)

Transmission Risk: Very High
Mean Temperature29.8°CAnopheles optimum: 26-30°C
Relative Humidity78%Prolonged adult survival >70%
Monthly Rainfall140 mmActive breeding site creation
Larval Suitability Index94 / 100Bioclimatic suitability
📅 Seasonal Context:

Bimodal rainfall regime / Rice cropping peaks

💧 Larval Habitats Typology:

Irrigated fields in Zou valley, rice paddies, and agricultural reservoirs.

🛡️ WHO / NMCP Strategic Advice:

Peak Anopheles emergence risk. Imperative mass deployment of Interceptor G2 mosquito nets.

North-East Benin (Sudanian Savanna)

Parakou (Borgou)

Transmission Risk: Moderate
Mean Temperature31.2°CAnopheles optimum: 26-30°C
Relative Humidity65%Prolonged adult survival >70%
Monthly Rainfall85 mmActive breeding site creation
Larval Suitability Index68 / 100Bioclimatic suitability
📅 Seasonal Context:

Intermediate rainy season / Climatic transition

💧 Larval Habitats Typology:

Cattle hoofprints, seasonal stream banks, and temporary rain pools.

🛡️ WHO / NMCP Strategic Advice:

Targeted surveillance of residual transmission by Anopheles funestus along water bodies.

Far North Benin (Sudan-Sahelian Zone)

Kandi & Malanville (Alibori)

Transmission Risk: Low
Mean Temperature34°CAnopheles optimum: 26-30°C
Relative Humidity48%Prolonged adult survival >70%
Monthly Rainfall35 mmActive breeding site creation
Larval Suitability Index42 / 100Bioclimatic suitability
📅 Seasonal Context:

Hot dry season / Strong water stress

💧 Larval Habitats Typology:

Irrigated perimeters along the Niger River and permanent livestock drinking troughs.

🛡️ WHO / NMCP Strategic Advice:

Focus microbial larviciding (Bti) strictly on sparse permanent residual breeding sites.

13 — Quality & Good Laboratory Practices

GLP / BPL self-assessmentfor insectaries & testing stations

Interactive compliance audit grid based on WHO and OECD guidelines to evaluate operational standards of medical insectaries and bioassay procedures.

WHO Compliance Criteria (10 Core Pillars)
GLP Audit Score
Excellent Compliance (100%)
100%
10 / 10 criteria validated
Operational Diagnosis:

Your testing facility complies with all WHO scientific integrity benchmarks. Generated bioassay and Phase II hut data meet international prequalification standards.

09 — Field & Laboratory Gallery

In thefield & laboratory

Immersion in daily operational research: larval surveys, WHO bioassays, experimental huts, and academic capacity building.

Contact

A mission, a consultation,a partnership?

Direct contact form, calendar booking, full contact details, and frequently asked questions are available on the dedicated page.

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